Glossary of Security Terms: Cryptography

Cryptography, or cryptology, is the science that studies how to encode and transmit messages securely. Cryptography designs and studies algorithms used to encode and decode messages in an insecure environment, and their applications.

More than just data confidentiality, cryptography also tackles identification, authentication, non-repudiation, and data integrity.

Therefore it also studies usage of cryptographic methods in context, cryptosystems.

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• Block cipher mode of operation
• Certificate authority
• Challenge-response authentication
• Cipher
• Cipher suite
• Ciphertext
• CORS
• CORS-safelisted request header
• CORS-safelisted response header
• Cross-site scripting
• Cryptanalysis
• Cryptographic hash function
• CSP
• CSRF
• Decryption
• Digital certificate
• DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security)
• Encryption
• Forbidden header name
• Forbidden response header name
• Hash
• HMAC
• HPKP
• HSTS
• HTTPS
• Key
• MitM
• OWASP
• Preflight request
• Public-key cryptography
• Reporting directive
• Robots.txt
• Same-origin policy
• Session Hijacking
• SQL Injection
• Symmetric-key cryptography
• TOFU
• Transport Layer Security (TLS)

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