En ulempe ved JWT er dog, at jo mere nyttelast du inkluderer i et token, jo længere bliver det. For vores system har jeg besluttet kun at inkludere session_id
og username
i tokenet. Disse oplysninger er tilstrækkelige til at godkende anmodninger uden at gøre tokenet for stort.e vil bruge JWT (JSON Web Tokens) til at godkende anmodninger. Da vores applikation er statsløs (hvilket betyder, at den ikke har nogen hukommelse af tidligere anmodninger), har vi brug for en måde at sende sessions- og brugerdata på. JWT er ideel til at administrere godkendelse i statsløse applikationer, og det gør et fremragende stykke arbejde i denne henseende.
pip install poetry # or python3.11 -m install poetry
git clone //github.com/emperorsixpacks/multi_device_sign_in_with_redis.git && cd server poetry shell && poetry install # create a new virtual environment and install all dependanceies
import os from redis import Redis load_dotenv(".env") REDIS_HOST = os.getenv("REDIS_HOST", "localhost") REDIS_PORT = os.getenv("REDIS_PORT", "6379") redis_client = Redis(REDIS_HOST, int(REDIS_PORT))
Jeg har oprettet en demodatabase i demo_users.json , som er det, vi skal bruge til denne tutorial.
{ "user124": { "username": "user124", "email": "[email protected]", "password": "1234", "bio": "This is my brief bio" }, "user123": { "username": "user123", "email": "[email protected]", "password": "1234", "bio": "This is my brief bio" } }
Nu skal vi tilføje vores skemaer og hjælpefunktioner til vores database. For kortheds skyld vil jeg ikke lægge al koden her. @dataclass class Session: """ A class to represent a user's session. Attributes: session_id (str): A unique id for the session. device_name (str): The name of the device used for the session. ip_address (str): The ip address of the device used for the session. device_id (str): A unique id for the device. date_created (datetime): The date and time the session was created. """ session_id: str = field(default_factory=create_new_session_id) device_name: str = field(default=None) ip_address: str = field(default=None) device_id: str = field(default_factory=generate_new_device_id) date_created: datetime = field(default_factory=now_date_time_to_str) @dataclass class User: """ A class to represent a user. Attributes: username (str): The username of the user. email (str): The email of the user. password (str): The password of the user. bio (str): The bio of the user. sessions (List[Session] | None): A list of Session objects representing the user's sessions. """ username: str = field(default=None) email: str = field(default=None) password: str = field(default=None) bio: str = field(default=None) sessions: List[Session] | None = None @property def __dict__(self): """ Returns a dictionary representing the user. Returns: Dict[str, Any]: A dictionary representing the user """ return { "username": self.username, "email": self.email, "password": self.password, "bio": self.bio, "sessions": self.return_session_dict(), } def return_session_dict(self): """ Returns a list of dictionaries representing the user's sessions. If the sessions field is a list of Session objects, returns a list of dictionaries where each dictionary is the __dict__ of a Session object. If the sessions field is a list of dictionaries, returns the list as is. Returns: List[Dict[str, Any]]: A list of dictionaries representing the user's sessions """ try: return [session.__dict__ for session in self.sessions] except AttributeError: return [session for session in self.sessions] # Utiliy finctions def return_user_from_db(username) -> User | None: """ Retrieves a user from the database by their username. Args: username (str): The username of the user to be retrieved Returns: User | None: The user if found, None otherwise """ with open("demo_users.json", "r", encoding="utf-8") as file: user = json.load(file).get(str(username), None) return User(**user) or None
# Setting up server from fastapi import FastAPI from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse app = FastAPI( name="Multi device sign in with Redis", description="Multi device sign in with Redis in stateless applications", ) @app.get("/") def index_route(): return JSONResponse(content={"Message": "hello, this seems to be working :)"}) if __name__ == "__main__": import uvicorn uvicorn.run("server:app", host="0.0.0.0", port=8000, reload=True, use_colors=True)
Hver gang en bruger logger ind på systemet, har vi brug for en måde at generere et session_id
og gemme den session i Redis sammen med alle deres andre sessioner.
@app.post("/login") def login_route( form: Annotated[LoginForm, Depends()], request: Request ) -> JSONResponse: """ Handles a login request. Args: form (Annotated[LoginForm, Depends()]): The form data containing the username and password request (Request): The request containing the User-Agent header and client host Returns: JSONResponse: A JSON response containing a JWT token if the login is successful, otherwise a JSONResponse with a 404 status code and a message indicating that the username or password is invalid """ username = form.username password = form.password # Authenticate the user user = authenticate_user(username, password) if user is None: return JSONResponse( status_code=404, content={"message": "Invalid username or password"} ) # Create a new session session = Session( device_name=request.headers.get("User-Agent"), ip_address=request.client.host ) # Get the user from the cache user_from_cache = get_user_from_cache(username) if user_from_cache is None: return JSONResponse(content={"message": "one minute"}, status_code=404) # Get the user's sessions user_sessions = get_sessions(userid=username) # Add the new session to the user's sessions try: user_sessions.append(session) except AttributeError: user_sessions = [session] # Update the user in the cache user_from_cache.sessions = user_sessions update_user_cache(userid=username, new_data=user_from_cache) # Create a JWT token token = create_token(Token(user=username, session_id=session.session_id)) # Return the JWT token return JSONResponse(content={"message": "logged in", "token": token})
Dette er den nemmere del. Hver gang en bruger fremsætter en anmodning til vores app, afkoder vi bærer-tokenet for at hente session_id
og username
. Vi kan derefter forespørge Redis ved hjælp af username
.
Hvis vi finder et match, fjerner vi sessionen forbundet med session_id
fra det afkodede token. For eksempel, hvis sessionen ikke eksisterer, returnerer vi blot en besked til brugeren. Dette indikerer, at brugeren allerede har logget ud af den pågældende enhed fra en anden enhed, eller at tokenet er ugyldigt.
@app.post("/logout") def logout_route(request: Request): """ Handles a request to log out the user. This endpoint will delete the user's session from the cache and return a JSON response with a message indicating that the user has been logged out. Args: request (Request): The request containing the Authorization header with the JWT token Returns: JSONResponse: A JSON response containing the message "logged out" if the token is valid, otherwise a JSONResponse with a 404 status code and a message indicating that the token is invalid """ # Get the JWT token from the Authorization header _, token = get_authorization_scheme_param(request.headers.get("Authorization")) # Decode the JWT token payload = decode_token(token) # Check if the token is invalid if payload is None: return JSONResponse(content={"message": "Invalid token"}, status_code=404) # Check if the user or session does not exist if get_single_session(userid=payload.user, session_id=payload.session_id) is None or get_user_from_cache( userid=payload.user) is None: return JSONResponse(content={"message": "Invalid token"}, status_code=404) # Delete the session from the cache delete_session(payload.user, payload.session_id) # Return a JSON response with a message indicating that the user has been logged out return JSONResponse(content={"message": "logged out"})