Kohereza: Ubwoba Bidafite ishingiro

Guhangayikishwa no koherezwa ni ukuri. Reka dufate icyunamo cyo kumva amarangamutima yumuntu ajyanye no koherezwa kandi twige uburyo bwiza bwo kugabanya ubwoba.

Ikibazo kubera CrowdStrike cyibasiye miliyoni 8.5 za sisitemu y'imikorere ya Windows, bituma habaho ihungabana muri serivisi zitandukanye ku isi, harimo indege n'ibitaro. Isesengura ryinshi ryasuzumye intandaro yibi byabaye ubwabyo.

Ariko, nka injeniyeri ya software, ndatekereza ko tubuze icyerekezo cyamarangamutima yumuntu ajyanye no koherezwa, cyane cyane ubwoba bwo guhagarika umusaruro. Nibyo tuzagerageza kwibira muriyi ngingo. Tuzareba:

• Gusobanukirwa imikorere yo kurekura injeniyeri.
• Ibyo injeniyeri ya software yita kubyo badakora.
• Ingaruka zo gukomeza gutanga (CD).
• Reba kubikorwa byoherejwe.
• Ibibazo byoherejwe nintoki nigisubizo cyibi bibazo.

Kurekura Ubwubatsi

Mbere yo gucengera ubwoba bwo koherezwa mubitekerezo bya injeniyeri ya software, reka tubanze dusobanukirwe uruhare rwa injeniyeri irekura. Kurekura injeniyeri yahindutse cyane mumyaka yashize, tubikesha ibikoresho bya CI na CD bigezweho hamwe na Kubernetes. Nubwo hari iterambere, inshingano zibanze zikomeza kuba zimwe:

• Ibikorwa bihoraho kandi bisubirwamo: Kugena uburyo bwo kurekura, bigabanya ibyago byo koherezwa mubikorwa.

• Kugabanya ihungabana rya serivisi : Inzira zisanzwe nazo zemeza ko amakipe afite ibikoresho byo guhangana n’ibidukikije byangiza-urugero, ingamba zo gusubira inyuma aho ibintu bisohoka bitera ibibazo.

• Gukurikirana no Kunoza imikorere: Reba imikorere yiterambere kubikorwa byihuse kandi byizewe.

• Gufatanya nubuhanga: Korana cyane nabateza imbere, QA, hamwe na DevOps kugirango serivisi zose nshya kandi zihari zifite gahunda yo kohereza neza.

Ibyo Abashakashatsi ba software Bitaho

Bitandukanye naba injeniyeri barekura, nka injeniyeri ya software ikora mu itsinda ryibicuruzwa dushobora kwita gusa kubintu bimwe na bimwe byoherejwe:

• Kode yihuse ihuza: Guhuza byihuse bibemerera kwemeza akazi kabo no kwimukira mumirimo mishya cyangwa guhagarika imirimo ishingiye.

• Ibikorwa byakozwe : Nubwo abajenjeri bashobora kutita kubintu byose byakozwe, byanze bikunze bitaye kumihindagurikire ya code yabo bigatuma umusaruro uhagarara.

• Gahunda yo kohereza : Ba injeniyeri nabo bakunda gukurikirana igihe impinduka zabo zagiye cyangwa zagiye ahagaragara kugirango babashe kubona ibitekerezo-nyabyo ku mpinduka zabo.

Ibyo Abashakashatsi ba software batitayeho

Nubwo hari ibintu twitaho, hari nibyo tutabikora:

• Uburyo bwo kohereza : Nubwo tuzi ko hakenewe inzira yo kohereza neza kandi yizewe, ntibitaye kuburyo ikorwa.

• Ingaruka zizindi mpinduka : Keretse niba ibintu bitagenze neza, ntabwo duhangayikishijwe nimpinduka zidafitanye isano nabandi bateza imbere.

• Gucunga ibyoherejwe : Injeniyeri ntiyitaye kubayobora gahunda yo gukora itsinda rya software. Kurugero, twakwitaho gusa gucunga ibyoherejwe niba dushinzwe kubikora.

Ingaruka zo Gukomeza Gukomeza (CD)

None ubwoba bufitanye isano niki gukomeza Gukomeza?

Byinshi.

Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye [inyungu nyinshi] (//dora.dev/ubushobozi/komeza-tanga/ yo Gukomeza Gukomeza (CD), kandi bidatangaje, inyinshi muri zo ni ya kamere. Gukomeza kohereza bikuraho "abantu-muri-loop", bityo, bisaba kwizera gukomeye mubikorwa remezo.

Muyandi magambo, ibizamini byikora ntabwo byemeza gusa umusaruro wizewe ahubwo binatanga , rimwe na rimwe bidafite ishingiro, bigabanya ubwoba bwo koherezwa. Nkumushinga, ndishimye cyane gukora impinduka mubikorwa bya CD vs niba nsabwe kugenzura impinduka nintoki.

Nubwo, nubwo ingamba za CD zizwi cyane, ibigo byinshi biracyakomeza kohereza intoki (bifite umuntu-muri-loop), byerekana uburyo bwitondewe bwo gushyira mubikorwa CD. Iyi myitwarire yerekana ko amakipe ahitamo kugumya kugenzura ibikorwa byo kurekura no gutabara aho bibaye ngombwa.

Ibi ni ngombwa kubyumva duhereye kumutekano wo mumitekerereze. Gukoresha intoki bivuze ko umuntu akurikirana inzira kandi agakemura ibibazo mugihe ibintu bitagenze neza. Mugihe ibi bitanga umutekano, birashobora kandi gutera ubwoba umuntu wohereje kandi bikunda kwibeshya kubantu.

Intoki

Nubwo hari ibitagenda neza, amakipe menshi acunga intoki. Ubusanzwe intoki yoherejwe ishobora kuba irimo intambwe nke:

Kugenzura

Umuntu arera inzira zose zo kohereza mbere yo gusohora. Uyu muntu ashinzwe gutabara mugihe kandi hari ibimenyetso byikibazo. Amakipe akomeza guhamagarwa ucunga ibyohereza kandi agakemura ibibazo iyo bivutse.

Amakipe Yeguriwe Kurekura

Amakipe amwe afite itsinda ryubwubatsi ryabigenewe, ryemeza ko gusohora bigenda neza. Kubera ko ibi bivuze urwego rwohejuru rwinzobere, gahunda yo kohereza irashobora kuba nziza kandi yizewe.

Urupapuro rusesuye

Ibigo bimwe bikomeza urupapuro rwo kwemeza impinduka zose zakozwe. Ibi bituma ibigo bisuzuma buri gihe kandi bikemeza izo mpinduka, byemeza ko byujuje ubuziranenge bwateganijwe mbere.

Igitabo QA

Usibye urupapuro rwabigenewe, intoki QA nandi masosiyete yongeyeho. Igitabo QA igerageza gusohora gushya mubidukikije mbere yo kubyohereza mubikorwa. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, ibidukikije byo kwipimisha ntabwo byoroshye, bityo ibintu bimwe na bimwe byabayeho ntibizabazwa.

Ni hehe Ibintu Bitagenda neza no Kohereza Intoki?

Ibintu byinshi birashobora kugenda nabi kubitsinda iryo ariryo ryose rishinzwe iterambere rya software rishingiye gusa kubikorwa byintoki:

Kwishingikiriza ku Itsinda Rito

Ibi birashobora gukora icyuho, biganisha kurekura gutinda namakosa yabantu mubihe bimwe. Nanone, itsinda rishobora kugira ibibazo mugihe uyu muntu yihariye cyangwa adashobora gutanga imirimo asabwa.

Nta ngamba zo kugabanya ingaruka

Nta ngamba zo gukurikiza mubyabaye bibi. Iyo habaye ikibazo, itsinda rirekura rigomba guhangana kugirango rishakishe abafatanyabikorwa bireba kugirango bafashe gukemura no gufata ibyemezo.

Bikunze kwibeshya kumuntu

Amakosa yimyandikire mumabwiriza cyangwa inyandiko, cyangwa yibagiwe gukora intambwe-yoherejwe cyangwa nyuma yo kohereza.

Imbaraga nyinshi

Kubera ko kubohereza bisaba kurera abana, biba imbaraga zitwara igihe. Bitera kandi inshuro zoherejwe kugabanuka cyane. Kurugero, niba bisaba isaha yo gukurikirana ibyoherejwe byose, itsinda rirekura rishobora gufata icyemezo cyo gusiba ibyoherejwe kumunsi hamwe nimpinduka zoroheje kugirango ubike icyo gihe.

Guhagarika Itumanaho

Ntibisobanutse mumakipe yibicuruzwa uko ibintu byasohotse nigihe impinduka zabo zinjiye mubikorwa.

Urebye izi mbogamizi, biroroshye kumva impamvu abajenjeri batinya koherezwa. Ibyago byo koherezwa kunanirwa, imigabane myinshi, hamwe nigitutu cyo gukomeza amasaha make nabyo bigira uruhare mubwoba.

Ibyo kunanirwa birashobora kugabanuka mukongera ibizamini byikora. Nubwo bimeze bityo, kubera ko ibi bizamini bikorerwa mubizamini, ntugomba gutegereza ikizamini cyikora kugirango ufate amakosa yose ashoboka. Kunanirwa bigomba gutegurwa ariko ku gipimo gito.

Twokora iki?

Gushiraho gusa Gukomeza Kohereza? Byoroshye kuvuga kuruta gukora. Nubwo hari ibitagenda neza, kohereza intoki biracyari byiza iyo bikozwe neza. Intego zigomba kuba:

• tanga izamu kugirango wirinde ibyabaye
• gabanya amakosa yabantu
• gushoboza umuntu uwo ari we wese gukurura
• menya ko ibyoherejwe bibaho kenshi

Kurinda - Canary na Rollbacks

Ingamba za Canary na Rollback zirashobora gufasha kugabanya ingaruka ziterwa n’umuriro kandi akenshi birinda ibibazo mu buryo bwikora.

Irekurwa rya kanari ryerekana gusohora kwawe mugice gito cyumusaruro wibidukikije. Ibi biha amakipe gushishoza kubibazo bishobora kuba bitaraje mugihe cyo kwipimisha.

Kurundi ruhande, ingamba zo gusubira inyuma zifasha abajenjeri gusubiza ibyasohotse muburyo bwambere bwimiterere. Bikorwa mugihe ibibazo bishya bivutse nyuma yo koherezwa mubidukikije.

Mugabanye Amakosa Yabantu - Ibipimo

Sobanura uburyo busanzwe bwo kohereza butanga umusaruro, guhoraho, kwiringirwa, hamwe na software nziza. Muri , yerekana ko kwizerwa guhanura imikorere myiza. Byongeye kandi, kugira inzira isanzwe yemerera gusubiramo mubikorwa byo kurekura, bishobora kwikora. Gutangiza iyi nzira bifasha itsinda kugumana ibiciro byumusaruro.

Guharanira demokarasi yo kohereza

Guharanira demokarasi gahunda yo kohereza bikuraho gushingira kubantu runaka. Niba duhaye imbaraga injeniyeri iyo ari yo yose yohereza, bigabanya buhoro buhoro ubwoba. “Niba“ umuntu wese ashobora kohereza, ntibigomba gukomera. ” Sangira legos yawe!

Kohereza kenshi

Kugabanya impungenge zo kohereza, dukeneye kohereza kenshi, ntabwo ari munsi. Raporo ya DORA yerekana kandi ko ibyiciro bito byoherejwe bidakunze gutera ibibazo no gufasha kugabanya inzitizi zo mumitekerereze kubateza imbere.

Kunoza uburambe bwabateza imbere

Gusobanura ibyakoreshejwe byongera uburambe bwabateza imbere. Korohereza abitezimbere kumenya igihe ibyoherejwe bibaye nimpinduka zirimo. Uku gukorera mu mucyo bifasha abitezimbere gukurikirana igihe impinduka zabo zijya ahagaragara kandi byoroshya iperereza ryabaye.

Ibisobanuro By’ingamba-Kugabanya Ingamba

Hagomba kubaho ingamba zisobanutse zo gukurikiza kugaruka no gushyuha, kuko ibi bifasha gukuraho icyemezo icyo aricyo cyose cyabaye. Kurugero, hagomba kubaho kubaka no kohereza intambwe kumatsinda kugirango akurikire byoroshye.

Mu buryo nk'ubwo, kugereranya uburyo bwo guhangana na hotfixes hamwe na cheri-picks birashobora gutuma byoroha gukora mugihe imigabane ari myinshi.

Ibendera

Ibendera ryibiranga ni nkubwicanyi-bushobora kuzimya ikintu gishya cyateje ikibazo mubikorwa. Ibi birashobora gutuma injeniyeri zikemura ibibazo byihuse.

Umwanzuro

Amakipe ya software agomba gufata ibyuma byububiko nkibyihutirwa kuva yatangira ibicuruzwa kugirango yirinde amakosa ahenze. Ntidukwiye kureka ibyabaye nka Crowdstrike ikabuza imikorere yacu yiterambere. Gukemura ubwoba bwo koherezwa no gukumira ibyabaye bikubiyemo ingamba nyinshi zingenzi:

• Shora muburyo busanzwe bwo kohereza.
• Shiraho ingamba zisobanutse neza zo kugabanya ingaruka, nkibisohoka bya kanari, ingamba zifatika, kugaruka, hamwe na hotfixes.
• Koroshya uburambe bwabatezimbere ukoresheje demokarasi yoherejwe, kandi ushishikarize buri wese kubigiramo uruhare.

Kuri Aviator, twubaka ibikoresho byabateza imbere umusaruro uhereye kumahame yambere kugirango duhe imbaraga abitezimbere kubaka byihuse kandi byiza. Kuburyo bugezweho bwo gucunga ibyoherejwe, reba .